The pathogenesis and characterization of oral mucositis associated with cancer therapy.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe the current knowledge about the pathogenesis of oral mucositis associated with cancer therapy and oral mucositis. DATA SOURCES Published research and literature review articles, books, and posters of findings that have been selected for presentation at research conferences. DATA SYNTHESIS Aggressive cancer treatment yields gains in cure or sustained control but also in oral complications, including oral mucositis. Recent work suggests that oral mucositis involves a series of biologically and physiologically complex cellular and tissue interactions that vary in accordance with treatment type and characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The impact of treatment-related oral mucositis in patients is multifaceted and can significantly affect patients' experiences in terms of morbidity and treatment course. The creation of effective, targeted management strategies ultimately relies on a better understanding of the biologic processes underlying oral mucositis development coupled with systematic use of assessment tools. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Incorporating current knowledge about the pathogenesis of oral mucositis with regular use of available assessment instruments can help to ensure prompt recognition of oral manifestations and facilitate better treatment strategies.